Cervical Cancer (CC) is the most common leading cancer in women globally. This is considered to be a cancer that is restricted to women. Any women within the reproductive age range can develop CC. However, women between the ages of 25 and 39 have a higher risk.

Compared to developed countries, the screening and awareness of CC in developing countries is significantly low. Infection with Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of CC, especially HPV-16 and HPV-18. Other than HPV, there are other factors that can contribute to CC, such as Human simplex virus (HSV) infection and immunocompromised patients with HIV.

Cervical cancer can be detected by molecular techniques such as (1) PCR, (2) visual acetic acid method, (3) DNA Hybrid II test, (4) liquid based cytology, (5) Pap-Smear techniques, and (6) colposcopy techniques. Early detection of CC is very much in need; Cryotherapy or LEEP (Loop electro surgical excision procedure) can be conducted during the first and second stages of CC. Some metabolic changes in the human body such as fluctuating levels of insulin and triglycerides and increased activity of adiponectin may lead to CC. These contributing factors, such as adipokines, can be used as bio-markers for the CC detection.