Endothelin A receptor/Beta-arrestin signaling to the Wnt pathway renders ovarian cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy.
By: Laura Rosano, Roberta Cianfrocca, Piera Tocci, Francesca Spinella, Valeriana Di Castro, Valentina Caprara, Elisa Semprucci, Gabriella Ferrandina, Pier Giorgio Natali, Anna Bagnato

Molecular Pathology lab., Regina Elena Cancer Institute.
2014-11-8; doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-3133
Abstract

The high mortality of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is mainly caused by resistance to the available therapies. In EOC, the endothelin-1 (ET-1, EDN1)-endothelin A receptor (ETAR, EDNRA) signaling axis regulates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and a chemoresistant phenotype. However, there is a paucity of knowledge about how ET-1 mediates drug resistance. Here we define a novel bypass mechanism through which ETAR/Beta-arrestin-1 (Beta-arr1, ARRB1) links Wnt signaling to acquire chemoresistant and EMT phenotype. We found that ETAR/ Beta-arr1 activity promoted nuclear complex with Beta-catenin and p300, resulting in histone acetylation, chromatin reorganization, and enhanced transcription of genes, such as ET-1, enhancing the network that sustains chemoresistance. Silencing of Beta-arr1 or pharmacological treatment with the dual ETAR/ETBR antagonist macitentan prevented core complex formation and restored drug sensitivity, impairing the signaling pathways involved in cell survival, EMT and invasion. In vivo macitentan treatment reduced tumor growth, vascularization, intravasation and metastatic progression. The combination of macitentan and cisplatinum resulted in the potentiation of the cytotoxic effect, indicating that macitentan can enhance sensitivity to chemotherapy. Investigations in clinical specimens of chemoresistant EOC tissues confirmed increased recruitment of Beta-arr1 and Beta-catenin to ET-1 gene promoter. In these tissues, high expression of ETAR significantly associated with poor clinical outcome and chemoresistance. Collectively, our findings reveal the existence of a novel mechanism by which ETAR/ Beta-arr1 signaling is integrated with Wnt/Beta-catenin pathway to sustain chemoresistance in EOC, and they offer a solid rationale for clinical evaluations of macitentan in combination with chemotherapy to overcome chemoresistance in this setting.



Copyright © 2014, American Association for Cancer Research.

PMID:25377471






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