Recurrent urinary tract infection and risk of bladder cancer in the Nijmegen bladder cancer study.
By: S H Vermeulen, N Hanum, A J Grotenhuis, G Castaño-Vinyals, A G van der Heijden, K K Aben, I U Mysorekar, L A Kiemeney
Department for Health Evidence & Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
2014-7-25; doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.601
Department for Health Evidence & Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
2014-7-25; doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.601
Abstract
Background
Controversy exists on whether urinary tract infection (UTI) is a risk factor for urinary bladder cancer (UBC). Here, the association is investigated using data from one of the largest bladder cancer case-control studies worldwide.
Methods
Information on (i) history and age at onset of regular cystitis ('regular low-UTI') and (ii) number and age at onset of UTI treated with antibiotics ('UTI-ab') from 1809 UBC patients and 4370 controls was analysed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, education, smoking, and use of aspirin/ibuprofen were generated, for men and women separately.
Results
Regular low-UTI was associated with an increased UBC risk (men: OR (95% CI) 6.6 (4.2-11); women: 2.7 (2.0-3.5)), with stronger effects in muscle-invasive UBC. Statistically significant decreased risks (ORs ∼0.65) were observed for up to five UTI-ab, specifically in those who (had) smoked and experienced UTI-ab at a younger age. In women, UTI experienced after menopause was associated with a higher UBC risk, irrespective of the number of episodes.
Conclusions
Regular cystitis is positively associated with UBC risk. In contrast, a limited number of episodes of UTI treated with antibiotics is associated with decreased UBC risk, but not in never-smokers and postmenopausal women.British Journal of Cancer (2014), 1-7. doi:10.1038/bjc.2014.601 www.bjcancer.com.
PMID:25429525
