Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are newer, immunotherapy-based drugs that have been shown to improve survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unlike traditional chemotherapeutic agents, ICIs work by boosting the body's natural tumor killing response. However, this unique mechanism of action has also led to the recognition of class specific side-effects. Labeled immune related adverse events (irAEs), these toxicities can affect multiple organ systems including the lungs. Immune-mediated lung injury due to ICI use, termed checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP), occurs in about 3-5% of patients receiving ICI, though the real world incidence of this entity may be higher, especially now that ICIs are being used in non-clinical trial settings. In this review, we briefly introduce the biology of ICI and the indications for ICI use in NSCLC and then discuss the epidemiology, clinical and radiologic manifestations of CIP. Next, we discuss management strategies for CIP, including current consensus on management of steroid-refractory CIP. Given the nascent nature of this field, we highlight areas of uncertainty and emerging research questions in the burgeoning field of checkpoint inhibitor pulmonary toxicity.