Until the 1980s, testosterone suppression for men with advanced prostate cancer was managed surgically, with bilateral orchiectomy, or medically, with diethylstilbestrol, a drug that was associated with a problematic side effect profile. Beginning in the mid-1980s, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the first luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists, which proved effective for suppressing circulating testosterone levels and led to a significant shift away from surgical castration to medical management during the past 25 years. »
11/01/11

A universal hallmark of cancer cells is the change in their glycosylation phenotype. One of the most frequent alterations in the normal glycosylation pattern observed during carcinogenesis is the enhancement of alpha(1,6)linked fucose residues of glycoproteins, due to the up-regulation of the alpha(1,6)fucosyltransferase activity. Our previous results demonstrated the specific alteration of this enzyme activity and expression in colorectal cancer, suggesting its implication in tumour development and progression. »
12/07/11

No studies of dietary vitamin D intake and vitamin D receptor (VDR) have been conducted comparing breast risk among Hispanic women and non-Hispanic white (NHW) women. We investigated the association between vitamin D intake and breast cancer in a population-based case-control study of 1,527 NHW and 791 Hispanic breast cancer cases diagnosed in 1999-2004 in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado, and 1,599 NHW and 922 Hispanic age-matched controls. »
12/01/11

A CD44(-)/CD24(+) phenotype is a poor prognostic marker in early invasive breast cancer. Breast cancer cells with high CD44 and low or absent CD24 (i.e. CD44(+)CD24(-)/low phenotype) are reported to have stem cell features. However, the clinical impact of CD24 and CD44 expression in tumours remains unclear. »
11/27/11

Quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is an attractive therapeutic flavonoid for cancer treatment because of its beneficial properties including apoptotic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative effects on cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism of action of quercetin on ion channel modulation is poorly understood in bladder cancer 253J cells. »
10/01/11

Naturally-occurring allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) was recently shown to be selectively delivered to bladder cancer tissue via urinary excretion and to inhibit bladder cancer growth and muscle invasion in an animal model. AITC is excreted in urine mainly as N-acetyl-S-(N-allylthiocarbamoyl)cysteine, more commonly known as the N-acetylcysteine conjugate (NAC-AITC). »
11/30/11

Hormonal factors may influence risk for upper gastrointestinal cancers in women. We examined risk of oesophageal and gastric cancers in relation to reproductive factors in a large UK cohort, the Million Women Study. »
11/29/11

Loss of cell polarity and tissue disorganisation are hallmarks of cancer. MYO5B mutations disrupt epithelial cell polarity, suggesting that MYO5B may be involved in tumorigenesis. »
12/02/11

Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) have been found in breast carcinomas (BCs) around the world. In this study, fifty-five BCs from Chile were analyzed for HPV and EBV presence. In addition, HPV-16 viral load/physical status and E6/E7 expressions were determined. »
06/23/11

Worldwide, lung cancer kills more people than breast, colon and prostate cancer combined. Alterations in macrophage number and function during lung tumorigenesis suggest that these immune effector cells stimulate lung cancer growth. Evidence from cancer models in other tissues suggests that cancer cells actively recruit growth factor-producing macrophages through a reciprocal signaling pathway. While the levels of lung macrophages increase during tumor progression in mouse models of lung cancer, and high pulmonary macrophage content correlates with a poor prognosis in human non-small cell lung cancer, the specific role of alveolar macrophages in lung tumorigenesis is not clear. »
06/24/11